SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 13D

UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

(Amendment No.     )*

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY

(Name of Issuer)

Common Stock, $0.01 par value

(Title of Class of Securities)

277461406

(CUSIP Number)

Paul Friedman

BlueMountain Capital Management, LLC

280 Park Avenue, 5^th Floor East

New York, New York 10017

212-905-3990

(Name, Address and Telephone Number of Person Authorized to Receive Notices and Communications)

September 3, 2013

(Date of Event which Requires Filing of this Statement)

If the filing person has previously filed a statement on Schedule 13G to report the acquisition that is the subject of this Schedule 13D, and is filing this schedule because of §§ 240.13d-1(e), 240.13d-1(f) or 240.13d-1(g), check the following box.  ¨

Note: Schedules filed in paper format shall include a signed original and five copies of the schedule, including all exhibits. See § 240.13d-7 for other parties to whom copies are to be sent.

The information required on the remainder of this cover page shall not be deemed to be “filed” for the purpose of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Act”) or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section of the Act but shall be subject to all other provisions of the Act (however, see the Notes).

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Item 1. Security of the Issuer.

This Schedule 13D (the “Schedule 13D”) relates to the common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), of Eastman Kodak Company, a New Jersey corporation (the “Issuer”). The Issuer’s principal executive office is located at 343 State Street, Rochester, New York 14650.

Item 2. Identity and Background.

(a-c) This Statement is being filed by the following beneficial owners of Common Stock (each, a “Reporting Person”):

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The principal business of: (i) each of the BlueMountain Funds is to serve as a private investment exempted limited partnership, private investment limited liability company or private investment exempted company, as the case may be; (ii) each of the General Partners is to serve as the general partner of the respective Partnership or Montenvers, as the case may be; (iii) the Investment Manager is to serve as investment manager to a variety of private investment funds (including the BlueMountain Funds), and to make investment decisions on behalf of those private investment funds, and (iv) the Ultimate General Partner is to serve as the ultimate general partner of a variety of private investment funds organized as limited partnerships or limited liability companies for which the Investment Manager serves as investment manager (including the Partnerships).

The executive officers, directors, and control persons of the Reporting Persons are as follows:

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The business address of each BlueMountain Fund (other than Montenvers and AAI) and BMCA GP is c/o Maples Corporate Services Limited, PO Box 309, Ugland House, Grand Cayman, KY1-1104, Cayman Islands.

The business address of the Investment Manager, Distressed GP, Strategic Credit GP, Kicking Horse GP, COF GP, the Ultimate General Partner, Andrew Feldstein, Stephen Siderow, Alan Gerstein, Michael Liberman, Bryce Markus, David Rubenstein, Derek Smith, James Staley, Peter Greatrex and Mark Shapiro is 280 Park Avenue, 5th Floor East, New York, New York 10017.

The business address of AAI is Beaux Lane House, Mercer Street Lower, Dublin 2, Ireland.

The business address of Barry McGrath and Paul Dobbyn is c/o Maples and Calder, 75 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.

The business address of Franck Dargent and Laurent Guillet is c/o Amundi Alternative Investments, SAS, 90 boulevard Pasteur, 75730 Paris Cedex 15, France.

The business address of Montenvers, the Montenvers GP and Elli Stevens is 6D, route de Treves, L-2633 Seningerberg, Luxembourg B176.316.

The business address of Todd Groome is Grand Pavillion Commercial Centre, 1st Floor, 802 West Bay Rd., Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands.

Item 3. Source and Amount of Funds or Other Consideration

As further described in Item 4 below, (i) 209,379 shares of Common Stock were issued to the BlueMountain Funds in satisfaction of the Issuer’s obligations pursuant to the Backstop Commitment Agreement (as defined in Item 4 below) to pay to the BlueMountain Funds their respective portions of the Backstop Fees (as defined in Item 4 below) and (ii) the BlueMountain Funds collectively purchased an aggregate of 6,659,121 shares of Common Stock pursuant to the rights offerings described in Item 4 below, at a per share purchase price of $11.94, from the working capital of such Reporting Persons.

Item 4. Purpose of Transaction.

On January 19, 2012, the Issuer and certain of its subsidiaries (together with the Issuer, the “Debtors”) filed voluntary petitions for relief under chapter 11 of title 11 of the United States Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”) in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Bankruptcy Court”), Case No. 12-10202 (ALG).

On June 18, 2013, the Issuer entered into a backstop commitment agreement (as amended, the “Backstop Commitment Agreement”) with, among other investors, BlueMountain Capital Management, LLC, on behalf of

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the BlueMountain Funds (together with the other investors party to the Backstop Commitment Agreement, the “Backstop Parties”), pursuant to which the Backstop Parties agreed to provide a commitment to backstop two proposed rights offerings for an aggregate of $406 million of Issuer Common Stock to be conducted in connection with the Plan (as defined below). Under the Backstop Commitment Agreement, the Issuer also agreed to pay the Backstop Parties, on the effective date of the Plan, an aggregate commitment fee and an aggregate consummation fee equal to 4.0% and 1.0% of the rights offerings amount, respectively (the “Backstop Fees”).

On August 23, 2013, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order confirming the revised First Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Eastman Kodak Company and its Debtor Affiliates (the “Plan”).

On September 3, 2013, the Plan became effective pursuant to its terms and the Debtors emerged from their chapter 11 cases. Upon effectiveness of the Plan, (i) all previously issued and outstanding shares of the Issuer’s common stock were cancelled, (ii) the Issuer issued an aggregate of 34,000,000 shares of the new class of Common Stock, at a per share purchase price of $11.94, or an aggregate purchase price of approximately $406 million, pursuant to the two rights offerings and (iii) the Issuer issued an aggregate of 1,700,168 shares as the Backstop Fees. The foregoing description of the Plan is not intended to be complete and qualified in its entirety by the full text of the Plan, which has been filed as Exhibit 2 hereto and incorporated by reference herein.

On the effective date of the Plan, the Issuer issued an aggregate of 6,659,121 shares of Common Stock to the BlueMountain Funds pursuant to the rights offerings and an additional 209,379 shares of Common Stock to the BlueMountain Funds in satisfaction of the Issuer’s obligations to pay the BlueMountain Funds their respective portion of the Backstop Fees.

Pursuant to the Plan and the Backstop Commitment Agreement, certain members of the Issuer’s board of directors as of the effective date of the Plan were selected by the Backstop Parties and the creditors’ committee. The directors selected by the Backstop Parties include Mr. Derek Smith, a Managing Principal and Senior Portfolio Manager at BlueMountain Capital Management, LLC.

As described in more detail below under Item 6, under the Registration Rights Agreement (as defined below) the BlueMountain Funds and certain of their affiliates have the right, subject to the conditions and limitations set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement, to designate one individual employee of the BlueMountain Funds and certain of their affiliates to attend all meetings of the Issuer’s board of directors.

The Reporting Persons intend to review their investment in the Issuer on a continuing basis. Representatives of the Reporting Persons may have discussions from time to time with the Issuer, other stockholders and third parties relating to the Issuer, strategic alternatives that may be available to the Issuer and the Issuer’s business, operations, assets, capitalization, financial condition, governance, management and future plans, including in respect of one or more of the actions described in subsections (a) through (j) of Item 4 of Schedule 13D. There can be no assurance as to the outcome of any of the discussions referred to in this Schedule 13D.

Depending on various factors, including the Issuer’s financial position and strategic direction, the outcome of the discussions referenced above, actions taken by the board of directors of the Issuer, price levels of the securities of the Issuer, other investment opportunities available to the Reporting Persons, the availability and cost of debt financing, the availability of potential business combination and other strategic transactions, conditions in the capital markets and general economic and industry conditions, the Reporting Persons may in the future take such actions with respect to their investments in the Issuer as they deem appropriate, including acquiring or disposing of securities of the Issuer, entering into financial instruments or other agreements which increase or decrease the Reporting Persons’ economic exposure with respect to their investments in the Issuer, engaging in any hedging or similar transactions with respect to such holdings and/or otherwise changing their intention with respect to any and all matters referred to in Item 4 of Schedule 13D.

Item 5. Interest in Securities of the Issuer.

(a) and (b) The Reporting Persons understand from the Issuer that the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding on September 3, 2013, as described in the Plan, was 35,700,168. This excludes 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock of the Issuer, and net-share settled warrants to purchase: (i) 2,085,008 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $14.93 and (ii) 2,085,008 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $16.12 to be issued by the Issuer in satisfaction of claims against the Issuer and certain of its subsidiaries.

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The 6,868,500 shares of Common Stock beneficially owned, in the aggregate, by the BlueMountain Funds as of September 3, 2013, represent approximately 19.2% of the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Issuer, with such percentage calculated in accordance with Rule 13d-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. A further detailed breakdown of the Reporting Persons’ beneficial ownership of Common Stock is as follows:

A. Investment Manager

Percent of class: 19.20%

B. Ultimate General Partner

Percent of class: 17.5%

C. Credit Alternatives

Percent of class: 7.6%

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D. BMCA GP

Percent of class: 7.6%

E. Long/Short Credit

Percent of class: 3.0%

F. Long/Short Credit GP

Percent of class: 3.0%

G. Distressed

Percent of class: 0.9%

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H. Distressed GP

Percent of class: 0.9%

I. Strategic Credit

Percent of class: 0.7%

J. Strategic Credit GP

Percent of class: 0.7%

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K. Timberline

Percent of class: 0.8%

L. COF

Percent of class: 4.8%

M. COF GP

Percent of class: 4.8%

N. Kicking Horse

Percent of class: 0.6%

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O. Kicking Horse GP

Percent of class: 0.6%

P. AAI

Percent of class: 0.4%

Q. Montenvers

Percent of class: 0.5%

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R. Montenvers GP

Percent of class: 0.5%

The Investment Manager, each General Partner and the Ultimate General Partner, each expressly declare that this filing shall not be construed as an admission that each is, for the purposes of sections 13(d) or 13(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the beneficial owner of any securities covered by this filing.

None of the Reporting Persons beneficially own any other shares of Common Stock of the Issuer.

(c) During the last 60 days, no transactions in the Common Stock were effected by any Reporting Person, or to the best knowledge of any Reporting Person, any of the other persons set forth in Item 2.

(d) No person other than a Reporting Person has the right to receive or the power to direct the receipt of dividends from, or the proceeds from the sale of shares of, Common Stock beneficially owned by the Reporting Persons.

(e) Not applicable.

Item 6. Contracts, Arrangements, Understandings or Relationships With Respect to Securities of the Issuer.

The information set forth in Item 3 and Item 4 of this Schedule 13D is hereby incorporated by reference in this Item 6.

Registration Rights Agreement

On September 3, 2013, the Issuer, the BlueMountain Funds and the other Backstop Parties entered into a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”).

Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, following the earlier of (i) the filing of the Issuer’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2013 and (ii) June 30, 2014, certain holders of Common Stock (the “Stockholders”) holding “Registrable Securities” (as defined in the Registration Right Agreement) representing at least 25% of the outstanding Common Stock as of September 3, 2013 may require the Issuer to facilitate a registered offering of Registrable Securities. If such registration has not, however, been consummated prior to September 3, 2015, Stockholders holding Registrable Securities representing at least 10% of the outstanding Common Stock as of September 3, 2013 may require the Issuer to facilitate such a registered offering (such registered offering, the “Initial Registration”). A demand for the Initial Registration may not be made unless the Registrable Securities requested to be sold by the demanding Stockholders have an aggregate market value of at least $75 million.

Following the Initial Registration, Stockholders holding an amount of Registrable Securities representing at least 10% of the then outstanding Common Stock may demand that the Issuer file a shelf registration statement and effectuate one or more takedowns off of such shelf registration statement or, if a shelf registration statement is not available, effectuate one or more non-shelf registered offerings, except that such non-shelf registered offerings or shelf take-downs may not be requested more than four times and unless, in each case, the Registrable Securities

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requested to be sold by the demanding Stockholders in such non-shelf registered offering or shelf takedown have an aggregate market value of at least $75 million. In addition, beginning on September 3, 2015, upon request of a Stockholder, the Issuer must amend its existing shelf registration statement to register additional Registrable Securities as set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement.

Stockholders have the right to include any Registrable Securities in the Initial Registration or any other non-shelf registered offering or shelf takedown of Common Stock by the Issuer for its own account or for the account of any holders of Common Stock. The Issuer will have priority in any offering it has initiated for its own account, and the Stockholders will have priority in any registered offering initiated for the account of any holder of Common Stock.

Any demand for the filing of a registration statement or for a registered offering or takedown will be subject to the terms of applicable lockup arrangements and will be subject to a 60-day “breathing period” between the completion of any non-shelf registered offering or shelf takedown demanded by a Stockholder (or any registered offering initiated by the Issuer in which the Stockholders were able to include at least 80% of the amount of Registrable Securities requested to be included therein) and any demand for a subsequent non-shelf registered offering or shelf takedown offering (or any registered offering initiated by the Issuer in which the Stockholders are able to include at least 80% of the amount of Registrable Securities requested to be included therein). The Issuer may, subject to certain conditions and limitations, postpone the filing or effectiveness of a demanded registration statement or suspend the use or effectiveness of any shelf registration statement for a reasonable “blackout period” if the Issuer’s board of directors determines in good faith that the demanded registration or the sale by a Stockholder of Registrable Securities under such shelf registration statement at such time would adversely affect a pending or proposed significant corporate event or require disclosure of material non-public information the disclosure of which would, in the good faith judgment of the Issuer’s board of directors, be materially adverse to the interests of the Issuer, and under certain other circumstances set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement.

The Registration Rights Agreement includes customary indemnification provisions.

The Registration Rights Agreement will terminate on the earliest to occur of (i) the first date on which Registrable Securities having an aggregate market value of at least $25 million are no longer outstanding, (ii) the first date on which all outstanding Registrable Securities are eligible for sale under Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and restrictive legends have been removed from all certificates representing the applicable Registrable Securities, and (iii) the fifth anniversary of the Initial Registration.

The Registration Rights Agreement also provides that each Backstop Party (in each case, together with certain of its affiliates, an “Investor Group”) may separately, for so long as such Investor Group holds Registrable Securities representing at least 10% of the Common Stock issued and outstanding on September 3, 2013, designate one of its employees (a “Board Observer”) to attend meetings of the Issuer’s board of directors (excluding executive sessions or committee meetings) in a non-voting, non-participating observer capacity and to receive materials delivered to the board of directors for consideration at such meetings, and certain other information.

The rights of an Investor Group to designate a Board Observer will (i) terminate on September 3, 2014 (unless extended by the Issuer’s board of directors in its sole discretion), (ii) be suspended for any period of time during which a representative designated by such Investor Group to be elected or appointed to the Issuer’s board of directors, or an affiliate of such Investor Group, serves as a member of the Issuer’s board of directors and (iii) be subject to such additional requirements, conditions and procedures as the Issuer’s board of directors may from time to time determine, in its sole discretion, to be necessary or appropriate. The Issuer has the right to withhold any notice or information from any Board Observer and to exclude any Board Observer from any meeting or portion thereof to the extent the Issuer’s board of directors determines to be in the best interests of the Issuer, and under certain other circumstances set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement.

The foregoing description of the Registration Rights Agreement is not intended to be complete and qualified in its entirety by the full text of the Registration Rights Agreement, which has been filed as Exhibit 3 hereto and incorporated by reference herein.

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Distributions to BlueMountain Funds as Former Unsecured Creditors of the Issuer

In addition, pending the final determination of the total amount of unsecured claims, pursuant to the Plan the Issuer will issue additional shares of Common Stock and net-share settled warrants to purchase Common Stock as distributions to the BlueMountain Funds as former unsecured creditors on account of their unsecured claims against the Debtors outstanding immediately prior to the effectiveness of the Plan. Immediately prior to the effectiveness of the Plan, the BlueMountain Funds held a total of $286,571,769 of unsecured claims. The amount of additional Common Stock and net-share settled warrants to be received by the BlueMountain Funds in respect of their unsecured claims will depend on the total amount of allowed unsecured claims. An aggregate amount of six million shares of Common Stock, and net-share settled warrants to purchase: (i) 2,085,008 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $14.93 and (ii) 2,085,008 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $16.12 will be issued and distributed by the Issuer in respect of all allowed unsecured claims held by all holders of allowed unsecured claims.

Item 7. Material to be Filed as Exhibits.

1. Joint Filing Agreement dated September 13, 2013, attached as Exhibit 1 hereto.

2. First Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of Eastman Kodak Company and its Debtor Affiliates (incorporated by reference to the Issuer’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 29, 2013).

3. Registration Rights Agreement (incorporated by reference to the Issuer’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 3, 2013).

SIGNATURES

After reasonable inquiry and to the best knowledge and belief of the undersigned, the undersigned certifies that the information set forth in this statement with respect to the undersigned is true, complete and correct.

Date: September 13, 2013

The original statement shall be signed by each person on whose behalf the statement is filed or his authorized representative. If the statement is signed on behalf of a person by his authorized representative (other than an executive officer or general partner of the filing person), evidence of the representative’s authority to sign on behalf of such person shall be filed with the statement; provided, however, that a power of attorney for this purpose which is already on file with the Commission may be incorporated by reference. The name and any title of each person who signs the statement shall be typed or printed beneath his signature.

ATTENTION: INTENTIONAL MISSTATEMENTS OR OMISSIONS OF FACT CONSTITUTE FEDERAL CRIMINAL VIOLATIONS (SEE 18 U.S.C. 1001)

EXHIBIT 1

JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

The undersigned agree that the Schedule 13D with respect to the Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Eastman Kodak Company, dated as of September 3, 2013, is, and any amendments thereto (including amendments on Schedule 13G) signed by each of the undersigned shall be, filed on behalf of each of them pursuant to and in accordance with the provisions of Rule 13d-1(k) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

DATED: September 13, 2013